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Rethinking Insurance in a Warming World

A new TAU study reveals how the insurance sector, one of the world’s largest financial forces, can take a leading role in the global response to climate change.

As global warming intensifies and extreme weather events become more frequent, insurance systems worldwide are under pressure. In the United States, for instance, rising flood and hurricane damages have driven major reforms in the federal flood insurance program (NFIP), reducing public subsidies and raising costs for homeowners.

Published in Humanities and Social Sciences Communications (Nature Portfolio), the study examines how climate change–driven hurricanes could impact profitability in the U.S. homeowners’ insurance market — and proposes a new approach: transforming anticipated financial losses into climate-mitigation investments.

The research was conducted by a joint team from Tel Aviv University, Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, and the University of Haifa, including PhD student Moran Nabriski and Prof. Colin Price from TAU’s Porter School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, and Dr. Ruslana Palatnik from the University of Haifa.

From Risk Management to Climate Leadership

Insurance is a major economic force with a dual role; on the one hand it is a risk manager, and on the other a large institutional investor with long-duration capital. Given its systemic weight – and because insurance is fundamentally a pooling mechanism that links economic sectors – the study calls for the industry to be a proactive partner in addressing climate change. It should not only react to extreme events but also reduce risk at its source (akin to building-safety standards that prevent fire losses).

Insurance plays a dual role in the global economy: it manages risk and serves as a powerful institutional investor. Given its influence and financial reach, the researchers argue that the industry should act not only as a responder to natural disasters, but as a proactive force in reducing climate risks, much like building codes prevent fire losses before they occur.

By combining a market-equilibrium model with climate-driven hurricane damage projections, the study shows that insurers’ profitability could decline by 11%–100% across modeled scenarios, leading to higher premiums and reduced coverage. Redirecting that expected loss into emissions-reduction initiatives, the researchers note, could generate climate benefits that far exceed the industry’s direct economic share.

“Insurance is commonly viewed as a tool for transferring risk over time and across geographies, yet natural disasters occur in the same places at the same time,” said lead author Moran Nabriski. “As natural disasters intensify, the insurance industry should represent the economy not only as a responder to a changing climate, but also as a leader in confronting it. Because insurance connects all sectors of the economy, it can leverage that position into a coordinated effort with a meaningful impact on climate risk.”

The study provides a quantitative framework for assessing future risks and demonstrates how insurers’ long-term capital can become a powerful engine for financing global climate solutions.

Tel Aviv University's geophysics students on their study trip to Iceland, hiking on Vatnajökull Glacier, which is Europe’s largest glacier

Exploring the Living Laboratory of the Earth

TAU Geophysics students travel to Iceland with support from the university

 
A group of 18 students from Tel Aviv University’s Department of Geophysics recently returned from a unique study trip to Iceland, which brought textbook theory to life amid glaciers, geysers, icebergs, and volcanic fields. The trip was made possible thanks to the support of the Lowy International School, which funds academic study tours and experiential learning opportunities for TAU students, and a generous donation from the Australian Friends of TAU.

A Classroom Beneath the Northern Lights

Led by Colin Price, Full Professor at the Department of Geophysics of the TAU’s School of Exact Sciences, and Dr. Judi Lax, a former Geophysics student, the group spent several days exploring Iceland’s striking landscapes and observing first-hand the geological, atmospheric and space phenomena that shape our planet.

TAU geophysics students with Prof Colin Price (right) at the Gullfoss Waterfall

Students prepared and presented research on-site, covering topics such as plate tectonics, geothermal energy, glacial retreat, volcanoes, space weather and carbon capture.

“We study these processes for years in the classroom, but seeing signs of plate tectonics, melting glaciers, and geothermal energy is a life-changing experience.”—Professor Price

Learning in the field with Reykjavik University

The students also visited Reykjavik University, where they met a local professor and students specializing in climate and sediment research. The students joined a lab course that gave them a glimpse into cutting-edge climate studies and even a chance to observe sediment-core analysis in action.

Connecting Theory, People, and Purpose

For the participants, the trip deepened their understanding of their field and their sense of purpose.

Krýsuvík, a geothermal area with steaming vents and colorful sulfur deposits

“To see energy produced from the Earth with my own eyes was mind-blowing,” said Yuval Goldstein, a fourth-year undergraduate in the dual degree BSc in Mechanical Engineering and Geosciences. “It’s hard to imagine how it’s actually done until you watch steam rise from the ground.”

“Standing where a glacier once was, seeing how far it has receded, made me rethink what I want to do with my skills, how I can contribute,”—Naomi Friedman, a third year BSc student

“Also, to finally see things we’d only studied in class, like cloud formations and erosion processes, made everything click,” added Naomi.

Observing Strokkur, a geyser erupting every few minutes

Yana Novomodsky, who has just started her MSc in Geophysics and is also involved in promoting geophysics studies, added: “All the pictures we took during the trip will help us show what geophysics actually is, because people often don’t know what the field involves.”

“Iceland is the ‘Mecca’ for geophysicists. We didn’t just see the phenomena, we felt them: the wind, the rain, the smell of sulfur, the sudden weather changes.”—Tal Zahavi, a graduate student

 

Tal Zahavi: “As for the Northern Lights, we used our own geophysical calculations to find the best place to see them on the last night. It was magical.”

For PhD student Jonathan Levy, the experience went beyond academic discovery: “Iceland has always been a dream. To see everything we’ve been studying, in person, with people who understand the field, took it to another level. It even gave me research ideas for possible collaborations there.”

A Community in Motion

Beyond the scientific encounters, the trip strengthened a sense of academic community.

Tal Zahavi (right) with his fellow students during the trip to Iceland

“Geophysics is a small department, maybe 20 or 30 students, so you always see the same faces in the hallway,” said Lidor Ivgi a new MSc student.

“Now I really know everyone, from undergrads to PhD students. That connection motivates me to continue to advanced studies. And traveling with our professor, Colin, across Iceland, even watching the Northern Lights together, that’s unforgettable.”— Lidor Ivgi, a graduate student

Samir Asad, Yahav Nayar, and Gal Menzor at Barnafoss Waterfall

“All the concepts we’ve studied suddenly became real,” added Gal Menzor, a 4-year BSc student in Mechanical Engineering and Geosciences. “Doing it alongside amazing classmates and professors made it even more impactful.”

“I hadn’t expected to join,” said Hadar Erez Reshef, who begins her MSc studies this year. “It was incredible. I really gained a sense of belonging to my department and the degree. It made me understand why I chose this path.”

From left to right: Yana Novomodsky, Hadar Erez Reshef, Noam Rachmilevitch, and Ophir Ariel at the Þingvellir National Park, a UNESCO site where the Eurasian and North American tectonic plates meet.

Irina Rogovsky, who has just completed her PhD in Geography, reflected on the difference of traveling with fellow scientists:

“On a group tour, people usually ask where we’re sleeping or what’s for dinner. Here, everyone cared about the rocks and formations, which made it completely different.”—Irina Rogovsky, PhD in Geography

Team spirit in action

Global Learning in Action

At a post-trip gathering, Professor Milette Shamir, TAU Vice President for International Affairs, praised the initiative: “This trip embodies the mission of the Lowy International School: connecting academic excellence with global engagement.”

“Field-based learning allows our students to see how their studies relate to real-world phenomena.”—Professor Milette Shamir, TAU Vice President for International Affairs

Maureen  Adiri Meyer, Director of the Lowy International School, added that moments like these make the team’s efforts worthwhile: “Usually, we see only emails, reports, and budget lines, but here we see the real impact on people’s lives. That’s what gives our work meaning. Thank you for taking part in something so significant.”

TAU geophysics students at the Fagradalsfjall volcano

Sharon Ziv Kafri, Director of International Development at Tel Aviv University, emphasized the program’s vision: “Hearing what you’ve shared today is exactly what we had in mind when we created this opportunity.

“Academic study tours give Israeli students the chance to experience the world in an educational context. When we hear students say this trip motivated them to continue to graduate studies or made them feel a stronger sense of belonging, that’s exactly our goal.”—Sharon Ziv Kafri, Director of International Development

For Professor Price, the trip’s value was clear: “I am sure this trip will have long-term implications for the students’ careers, research and even their outlook on life. 

At a pioneering direct air capture plant removing CO₂ from the atmosphere.

“I think for some of the students this was a life-changing experience.”—Professor Price

As Professor Shamir concluded, “This kind of global, hands-on education is the future, and it’s wonderful to see our students leading the way.”

Getting to know the campus during Orientation 2025

Meet the Community Leaders Supporting International Students at TAU

Empowering students to build lasting connections and discover Israel

 
On October 19, the Lowy International School welcomed the 2025/26 cohort of international students starting their undergraduate, graduate and postgrad degrees at Tel Aviv University. Supporting them throughout their journey will be the School’s Community Leaders, offering guidance, organizing events, and immersing students in Israeli culture while helping them become active participants in the international campus community.

Orr Abergel, the head of the community team, encapsulates the spirit of the team: “Our goal is to help international students integrate into living and studying at TAU and empower them to start their own community initiatives that will enrich their experience while in Israel.” 

Orr Abergel, the head of the community leaders team

Abergel, who has extensive experience working with international students at the Lowy International School, believes that enabling students to start their own community-building projects, such as clubs or various events, is key to having a successful and enjoyable student experience: 

“When students get to develop something they feel passionate about, it gives them an absolutely amazing feeling of being heard and being involved. They become active members of the university community.”—Orr Abergel, the head of the community leaders team

Let’s meet the team, who will be by your side on your exciting journey.

Hanna Alexander: Community Leader for Undergraduates

Hanna’s focus is on helping students feel at home and creating opportunities for them to connect, both on and off campus.

“My goal is to get to know the students, find out what they’re interested in, and build activities that make their experience here more complete.”

“That could mean social events, day trips, overnight tours, or even exploring internship opportunities,” she adds.

Thinking back to her student days at Ben Gurion University helps Hanna come up with ideas for community activities to engage students. Her background in Sociology and Anthropology, Conflict Management and Resolution, and European Studies also proves useful.

“Conflict management comes in handy in any job that involves people,” she says. “There’s always going to be some kind of disagreement, and the key is to make sure everyone feels heard and understood.”

Recently relocated to Tel Aviv, Hanna admits she’s also discovering the city through fresh eyes, much like her students. “Tel Aviv is so international,” she says.

“You hear different languages, see people from all over the world, and eat food from every culture. I live in Florentin, which is full of street art and energy. I always tell students: ‘walk around, explore, and get to know the city through your feet.’ ”

TAU international students enjoying a nice day at the beach

For first-year students, her advice is simple: take it slow. “You’re in a new country, starting at a new university, meeting new people, so show yourself compassion. It’s normal to feel homesick or overwhelmed at first. Take things step by step and try to minimize the FOMO.”

“There’s always something happening in Tel Aviv, so if you miss one thing, there’s another around the corner.”

Hanna also recognizes the challenges undergraduate students might face when starting their studies abroad. “For many of them, this is the first time they’re living away from home and in a different country,” she explains. “Even Israelis their age who serve in the army can usually go home for Shabbat. That separation from family and friends can be tough.”

That’s where the Lowy’s community leaders step in. “Our job is to make Tel Aviv University your home away from home,” Hanna says.

“Whether it’s through our events or our partners’ Shabbat meals and community activities, there are always ways to connect. It’s okay to take a few weeks to adjust, but at some point, push yourself to meet people. Everyone’s in the same boat and you can bond over it.”

Tamar Solange Shalem: Community Leader for International Researchers (PhD students and Postdocs)

Solange brings a wealth of experience in social impact development, community engagement, and cultural diversity. An anthropologist by training, Tamar loves studying people and cultures. She views Israel as a ‘beautiful garden of human diversity’ where different cultures come together. Having worked at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and as a higher education counselor, Tamar is no stranger to guiding people through transitions. 

“I’ve always been interested in working with young people and diverse populations. For me, it’s about creating meaningful change and social impact.”

When it comes to navigating Israeli culture, Tamar offers valuable advice to incoming researchers: 

“Being open-minded to a very dense and dynamic culture is key.”

She also emphasizes that flexibility and acceptance of Israel’s fast-paced, often chaotic environment can help you adapt more smoothly. 

International students on a field trip

Tamar is keen to encourage everyone to explore Israel beyond Tel Aviv, recommending places like the Israeli Valley, Beit Govrin, Lachish, and the Dead Sea for those seeking a deeper connection with the country’s rich landscapes. 

For an authentic Israeli culinary experience, Tamar suggests trying local foods, especially the iconic Israeli breakfast, which she describes as “the most quintessential part of Israeli cuisine, filled with fresh vegetables, spreads, and cheeses.”

Usu Baraka: Community Leader for Graduate Students

Originally from Darfur, Usu’s journey to Israel has been one of resilience and perseverance. After arriving as a minor and completing high school in Israel, Usu pursued a BA in Government, Diplomacy, and Strategy and an MA in Public Policy. With a strong entrepreneurial spirit and a love for learning (he speaks eight languages!), Usu is dedicated to helping graduate students feel at home in Israel.

“I love interacting with people, hearing their stories, and building communities from the ground up.” 

He is passionate about creating social opportunities that mix academic life with cultural experiences. From tours of South Tel Aviv to trips to the Dead Sea, Usu’s focus is on exposing students to the rich diversity of Israel while building meaningful friendships.

Another aspect Usu is going to actively work on is integrating international students with their Israeli peers and building bridges across cultural lines. 

“I want to create opportunities for students to connect with each other, learn from each other, and form lasting bonds.”

Whether through cultural exchanges or casual meetups at the local market, Usu is always seeking new ways to enrich the student experience. “In Israel, you have to try falafel,” he recommends, adding that knafeh from Jaffa is also a must: “It’s amazing, perfect, and delicious.” For those interested in something more unique, he suggests trying injera, a traditional Ethiopian flatbread popular in Israel.

At the Levinsky market

Usu’s favorite spots in Tel Aviv for hanging out and meeting new people are the Abraham Hostels, which have “a bar where you can enjoy live performances”, and Teder.fm, a venue that’s “open 24/7 and always full of people and events.” Be sure to check them out after classes!

As you prepare for your flight to Tel Aviv, Usu has one important tip to share: if you’ve never been to Israel before, take some time to learn a bit about the country and pick up a few Hebrew words.

“Shalom” [Hello] is known to open the hearts of Israelis in an instant!

Whether you’re exploring Tel Aviv’s streets, learning about Israeli culture, or simply needing a supportive ear, our community leaders are here to ensure you feel welcome, supported, and ready to move forward.

Why Do We Tip? TAU Study Challenges Common Assumptions

New research reveals that tipping is driven more by social conformity than genuine appreciation, offering only weak motivation for better service, yet pushing tipping rates ever higher.

What makes us tip?  A new study explores two main motives: genuine appreciation for the service and conformity with social norms. Those who truly value the service tend to tip above the standard rate, while conformists usually align with them — leading to a gradual rise in average tipping rates over time.

The study, published in Management Science, was conducted by Dr. Ran Snitkovsky of the Coller School of Management at Tel Aviv University, together with Prof. Laurens Debo of the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College. Their theoretical model sheds light on the complexity of tipping and its economic and social implications.

“Tipping is a phenomenon that is difficult to explain using classical economic tools,” explains Dr. Snitkovsky. “The ‘homo economicus’, who is only interested in their own material wealth, has no reason to tip once the service has been provided.”

He adds that earlier research suggested tipping ensures better service in the future — but this doesn’t explain why people tip even when they are unlikely to meet the same service provider again, such as a taxi driver abroad. “Another common argument is that tipping provides an incentive for servers to give better service. Whether this is true or not, a self-interested customer would prefer others to tip and maintain good service quality while avoiding the expense himself. The conclusion is that to understand this phenomenon in depth, we must examine psychological and behavioral considerations.”

A recent study reported by USA Today revealed that the average American spends nearly $500 annually on tips in restaurants and bars, and that the tipping system in the U.S. generates over $50 billion each year, providing a primary source of income for millions of servers.

“We used a mathematical model and tools from game theory and behavioral economics to understand the motivations behind tipping,” says Dr. Snitkovsky. “Into this model we fed the two main reasons people report for tipping: the first is to express gratitude to the service provider, and the second is conformity —doing what everybody else does.”

“The first reason relates to my personal valuation of the service I received or the server-customer interaction, and can stem from wanting to reward the server for doing their job or showing empathy towards them,” he continues. “The second reason is tied to how I perceive myself in society — my interaction with other customers. In other words, we can distinguish between ‘appreciators’ and ‘conformists’.”

Why Tipping Rates Keep Rising

The researchers found that in societies with stronger social pressure, where people feel a greater need to comply with the norm, average tip amounts tend to rise over time.

Dr. Ran Snitkovsky, Photo credit:  Israel Hadari, Tel Aviv University

“The process is inherently driven by appreciators pulling the conformists upward, but not the other way around,” says Dr. Snitkovsky. “This might explain why tipping rates in the U.S. few decades ago were around 10% and are now closer to 20%. Those who appreciate the service are willing to tip well above the average, while those who wish to comply with the customary practice ‘chase’ the average. Additionally, rising tipping rates may also reflect growing economic inequality — a hypothesis proposed by another researcher from Tel Aviv University, Prof. Yoram Margalioth of the Buchmann Faculty of Law, and supported by our model.”

A Weak Incentive for Better Service

The study also explored whether tipping provides an effective incentive for servers to improve their performance. The model shows that while tips can encourage servers to exert effort, it is a relatively weak motivator, since many customers are conformists who will tip the standard amount in any case.

“If a server knows most customers are conformists, there’s little reason to put in extra effort since they will tip the customary amount anyway,” explains Dr. Snitkovsky. “This is indeed the situation in countries like the U.S.”

 “In an imaginary world where all customers are appreciators, unaffected by each other’s tipping rates, tipping would serve as a much stronger incentive. On the other hand, in such a world where tips only reflect appreciation, businesses might conclude that customers are willing to pay more for the service experience and charge higher prices upfront. This may trigger customers to adjust their expectations and reduce the tip percentage accordingly.”

The ‘Tip Credit’ System

The researchers also examined the ‘tip credit’ regulation applied in most U.S. states. This law allows employers to pay less than the minimum wage for tipped professions, covering the difference with tips. For instance, if the minimum wage is $8 per hour and the state has set the sub-minimum wage at $3, employers may pay servers only $3 and use tips to cover the $5 difference. Only if tips fall short of the minimum wage are employers required to make up the gap. If a server makes more than $8 after tips, they can keep the difference.

“We see that a higher tip credit allows businesses to reduce prices — because they rely more on tips to finance labor,” says Dr. Snitkovsky. “Consequently, they can increase supply and serve more customers. This suggests an element of economic efficiency, but the efficiency in this case comes at the expense of the individual server’s earnings. So essentially, tip credit is a mechanism allowing employers to cut into tips that ostensibly belong to servers, using them to pay wages.”

A Complex Social Phenomenon

As for his personal view, Dr. Snitkovsky admits he dislikes tipping. “I came to this study with a bias. Personally, I don’t like this practice, and I wanted to understand what drives it. First of all, tipping puts customers in an uncomfortable position. Studies have shown that tipping can encourage sexist behavior toward female servers – who may refrain from setting boundaries to avoid losing tips. Other studies demonstrate that people tend to tip more generously when a server is of their own ethnicity, introducing an element of racism. It’s easy to find good reasons to do away tipping, but the custom also has some positive effects, making it a complex phenomenon.”

He adds: “Ultimately, tipping allows those willing to pay more for the service to do so, thereby subsidizing the service for others. That’s a positive aspect. Additionally, tips do seem to encourage servers to provide better service, even though this effect is very limited. In my opinion, in the 21st century business owners have better tools to assess server performance, such as online reviews and even in-house cameras.”

From Hostage Square to the Doctorate: TAU to Award Einav Zangauker an Honorary Doctorate

In recognition of her courageous and inspiring struggle for the return of all hostages held in Gaza to Israel

 
Tel Aviv University has announced that it will confer an Honorary Doctorate upon Ms. Einav Zangauker, honoring her courageous and inspiring fight—led over nearly two years together with the Hostages and Missing Persons Families Forum and the wider public—for the return to Israel of all hostages, living and deceased.

Just weeks ago, on October 13, with the return of 20 living hostages to Israel, Einav was finally reunited with her son, Matan—one of the most emotional days Israel has known in recent years. Yet her struggle did not end there. Like many others, she continues to dedicate her efforts to ensuring the return of all remaining hostages and the recovery of those who were killed in captivity.

A Symbol of Solidarity, Unity, and the Sanctity of Life

Tel Aviv University emphasized that the decision to award the honorary degree also reflects the deep national yearning for the return of all hostages, including Hadar Goldin, the son of Leah and Prof. Simcha Goldin, a faculty member at TAU.

“Einav Zangauker represents the social movement calling for the return of the hostages and has been one of its most prominent leaders,” the University said in its statement. “Since October 7, she has become for many a symbol of social solidarity, the sanctity of life, unity, and parenthood.”

The honorary degree ceremony will take place in May 2026 on the University’s campus during the annual Board of Governors meeting, attended by more than a thousand guests from Israel and abroad.

At the same event, Steve Witkoff, U.S. Special Envoy to the Middle East, will receive the George S. Wise Medal for his efforts to secure the return of the hostages.

When archaeology meets physics, new depths are revealed

Cosmic Particles Help Archaeologists Detect Hidden Underground Spaces

TAU study demonstrates how muon detectors can be used to map subterranean voids before excavation, offering archaeologists a powerful new tool.

A technological breakthrough at Tel Aviv University offers archaeologists a way to identify underground spaces before digging. The system detects muons — elementary particles generated when cosmic rays hit Earth’s atmosphere — which can penetrate rock and soil up to 100 meters deep. By tracking their paths, researchers can locate hidden voids such as tunnels and cisterns.

The method was successfully demonstrated at the City of David archaeological site in Jerusalem, where the system mapped Jeremiah’s Cistern by identifying changes in soil permeability to muons.

Combining Physics and Archaeology

The study was led by Prof. Erez Etzion from TAU’s Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, and Prof. Oded Lipschits from TAU’s Jacob M. Alkow Department of Archaeology and Ancient Near Eastern Cultures. Other participants included: Prof. Yuval Gadot from the Department of Archaeology and Ancient Near Eastern Cultures; Prof. Yan Benhammou, Dr. Igor Zolkin, and doctoral student Gilad Mizrachi from the School of Physics and Astronomy; Dr. Yiftah Silver and Dr. Amir Weissbein of Rafael Advanced Defense Systems; and Dr. Yiftah Shalev of the Israel Antiquities Authority. The study’s results were published in the Journal of Applied Physics.

“From the pyramids in Egypt, through the Maya cities in South America, to ancient sites in Israel, archaeologists struggle to discover underground spaces,” explains  Prof. Lipschits. “Above-ground structures are relatively easy to excavate, and there are also various methods for identifying walls and structures below the surface. However, there are no effective methods for conducting comprehensive surveys of subterranean spaces beneath the rock on which the ancient site is situated. In the Judean Foothills, for example, the top layer of hard limestone overlies soft chalk, in which the ancients easily carved out vast spaces for water reservoirs, agricultural uses, storage, or even dwellings. Clearly, in such regions, most above-ground archaeological sites resemble Swiss cheese beneath the rock, but we have no way of knowing this. If by chance we excavate above ground, reach the rock, and identify an entrance to a cavity, we could excavate it, but we have no way of locating the subterranean spaces in advance. In the current study, we propose for the first time an innovative method that has been proven very effective in detecting underground spaces with detectors of cosmic radiation, specifically muons.”

A team from TAU is installing the muon detectors in Jeremiah’s Cave beneath the City of David site

How Muon Imaging Works

The researchers explain that a muon is an elementary particle similar to an electron but 207 times more massive. Muons are created in the atmosphere when energetic particles, mainly protons, collide with the nuclei of molecules in the air. This collision generates unstable particles called pions, which decay very quickly into muons. Muons also have a very short lifetime, decaying after 2.2 microseconds, but they move at speeds close to the speed of light, and thanks to Einstein’s special relativity theory, many of them manage to reach and penetrate the ground.

“The muon shower hits the ground at a fixed and known rate,” explains Prof. Etzion. “Unlike electrons, which are stopped by the ground at just a few centimeters deep, muons lose energy slowly as they pass through the ground, and some can penetrate much deeper – even up to 100 meters for highly energetic particles. Therefore, by placing muon detectors underground and monitoring the environment, we can identify empty cavities where energy loss is minimal. This process is similar to X-ray imaging: the X-ray beam is stopped by bones but passes through soft tissue like flesh or fat, and a camera on the other side captures the resulting image. In our case, the muons act as the X-ray beam, our detector is the camera, and the underground features are the human body.”

Next Steps

As noted, the researchers conducted an impressive demonstration in a rock-hewn installation known as Jeremiah’s Cistern at the archaeological site of the City of David. Combining a high-resolution LiDAR scan of the interior cavity with simulations of the muon flux, they were able to map structural anomalies. Detecting changes in soil penetrability to muons, the system demonstrated the feasibility of using muon tomography for archaeological imaging.

“This article is a first milestone,” says Prof. Lipschits. “We ask physicists to respond to the archaeological need and develop smaller, simpler, cheaper, more durable, more accurate, and more power-efficient detectors. In the next stage, we intend to combine physics and archaeology with AI to produce a 3D image of the subsurface from the vast data generated by the detectors. Our test site will be Tel Azekah in the heart of the Judean Foothills, overlooking the Elah Valley.”

“This is not our invention,” adds Prof. Etzion. “Already in the 1960s, muons were used to search for hidden chambers in the pyramids in Egypt, and recently the technology was revived. Our innovation lies in developing small and mobile detectors and learning how to operate them at archaeological sites. After all, there is a difference between a detector in laboratory conditions and a detector that must be taken to a cave or excavation, where practical problems of electricity, temperature, and humidity inevitably arise. Detection ranges depend on measuring time; the farther the detector’s location, the fewer particles reach it, but realistically, it is possible to analyze images from a distance of up to 30 meters within a reasonable timespan. Therefore, our goal is to place several detectors or move one detector from place to place to produce a 3D image of the entire site eventually. And we have just begun. The next stage involves sophisticated analysis, which will allow us to map everything beneath our feet – even before the excavation begins.”

Dr. Gilad Levy (seated) & Prof. Boaz Barak.

New Biological Mechanism Boosts Myelin Production in the Brain

AU researchers discover how to increase myelin production — a finding that could aid treatments for Alzheimer’s and multiple sclerosis.

The study was conducted in the laboratory of Prof. Boaz Barak of the Sagol School of Neuroscience and the School of Psychological Sciences at Tel Aviv University and led by Dr. Gilad Levy. The lab collaborated with researchers from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, the Weizmann Institute of Science, Tel Aviv University, and Germany’s Max Planck Institute. The findings were published in Nature Communications.

Releasing the Brain’s “Biological Brakes”

Prof. Barak explains: “Damage to myelin is associated with a variety of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis (an autoimmune disease in which the body itself attacks the myelin), as well as neurodevelopmental syndromes like Williams syndrome and autism spectrum disorders. In this study we focused on the cells that produce myelin in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Specifically in these cells, we investigated the role of a protein called Tfii-i, known for its ability to increase or decrease the expression of many genes crucial for cell function. While Tfii-i has long been linked to abnormal brain development and neurodevelopmental syndromes, its role in myelin production had not been studied until now.”

Prof. Barak’s team discovered that the Tfii-i acts as a ‘biological brake’ that inhibits myelin production in the relevant cells. Based on this finding, the researchers hypothesized that reducing Tfii-i activity in myelinating cells might increase myelin output.

Prof. Boaz Barak

Testing the Hypothesis

To test this, the team  used advanced genetic engineering in model mice: Tfii-i expression was selectively eliminated only in myelin-producing cells, while remaining unchanged in all other cells. These genetically modified mice were compared to normal mice in a wide variety of measures, including levels of myelin proteins, structure and thickness of the myelin sheath surrounding axons, speed of nerve signal conduction, and even motor and behavioral performance.

Dr. Gilad Levy explains: “We found that in the absence of Tfii-i, the myelin-producing cells generated higher amounts of myelin proteins. This resulted in abnormally thick myelin sheaths, which enhanced the conduction speed of electrical signals along the neural axons. These improvements resulted in a significant enhancement of the mice’s motor abilities, including better coordination and mobility, along with other behavioral benefits.”

Prof. Barak concludes: “In this study we demonstrated for the first time that it is possible to ‘release the brakes’ on myelin production in the brain and peripheral nervous system by regulating the expression of Tfii-i. This study is among the few to identify a mechanism for increasing myelin levels in the brain. Its results may enable the development of future therapies that suppress Tfii-i activity in myelin-producing cells, to restore myelin in a wide variety of degenerative and developmental diseases in which myelin is impaired — including Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, Williams syndrome, and autism spectrum disorders. We believe this fundamentally new approach holds great therapeutic potential.”

Important Campus Updates

“We Stand Strong and Keep Our Sights on a Better Future”

 
Letter from TAU President Welcoming the 2025–26 Academic Year

To the University Community,

Wishing a successful and fruitful academic year to our thousands of students and to our academic and administrative staff!

A special greeting goes out to the students beginning their first year at Tel Aviv University. The University management, academic staff, and administrative staff will do everything in their power to make your study experience both beneficial and enjoyable. You are invited, beyond class attendance, to spend time on the lawns and in the cafeterias, and to enjoy everything our campus has to offer.

You will find here a microcosm of Israeli society, where people of all religions and nationalities, from Israel and from around the world, study, teach, research, and meet. This rich human tapestry is what creates the unique community of our University.

Finally, I would like to update you about changes in the University’s leadership. A few weeks ago, our Rector, Professor Mark Shtaif, completed a very successful five-year term, during which he led a dramatic transformation in teaching and learning methods. At the same time, Vice Rector Professor Eyal Zisser also concluded his term, after having made an immense contribution to the University’s academic management.

Professor Noga Kronfeld-Schor of the Faculty of Life Sciences, who until recently headed the New Environmental School, has succeeded Professor Shtaif as Rector. I wish to express my deep gratitude to Mark and to Eyal for their devoted service to the University, and to extend my best wishes to Noga for much success in her important new role.

The full letter

A Letter from TAU President Welcoming the 2025–26 Academic Year

Wishing a successful and fruitful academic year to our thousands of students and to our academic and administrative staff!

 
To the University Community,

Wishing a successful and fruitful academic year to our thousands of students and to our academic and administrative staff!

A special greeting goes out to the students beginning their first year at Tel Aviv University. The University management, academic staff, and administrative staff will do everything in their power to make your study experience both beneficial and enjoyable. You are invited, beyond class attendance, to spend time on the lawns and in the cafeterias, and to enjoy everything our campus has to offer. You will find here a microcosm of Israeli society, where people of all religions and nationalities, from Israel and from around the world, study, teach, research, and meet. This rich human tapestry is what creates the unique community of our University.

The academic year opens after two years of war, which appears to have ended about two weeks ago. The living hostages returned home, and we all experienced a few days of collective uplift. We pray for the swift return of all the fallen hostages and for better and quieter days ahead. The end of the war leaves us with many challenges, first and foremost, providing support for bereaved families and assistance to those who have been physically or emotionally wounded. During the past two years, Tel Aviv University has granted numerous scholarships to support our students who served in the reserves, or whose family members did so, in addition to broad academic assistance. This year, too, we will continue to offer such scholarships. Our debt to the reservists is immense, and the least we can do is help them complete their studies successfully.

Unfortunately, the end of the war does not also end the deep internal rift that has been tearing Israeli society apart since the beginning of the judicial overhaul. This division threatens us to no lesser degree than the external dangers we face. I am sure that each of you holds your own opinions about its causes and about the ways we might overcome this grave social crisis – the most severe one our country has faced since its founding. We expect all members of our University community, including our students, not to hesitate to express their views on this crucial matter, which is vital to our continued existence. We encourage active citizenship, value social engagement in all its forms, and are committed to maintaining a safe and democratic campus where everyone’s freedom of expression is protected.

Finally, I would like to update you about changes in the University’s leadership. A few weeks ago, our Rector, Professor Mark Shtaif, completed a very successful five-year term, during which he led a dramatic transformation in teaching and learning methods. At the same time, Vice Rector Professor Eyal Zisser also concluded his term, after having made an immense contribution to the University’s academic management. Professor Noga Kronfeld-Schor of the Faculty of Life Sciences, who until recently headed the New Environmental School, has succeeded Professor Shtaif as Rector. I wish to express my deep gratitude to Mark and to Eyal for their devoted service to the University, and to extend my best wishes to Noga for much success in her important new role.

Wishing you all a productive academic year and better days ahead,

Yours,

Ariel Porat
President of the University

From left to right: Prof. Elshan Gurbanov, Head of International Programs (AzTU); Prof. Milette Shamir, Vice President International (TAU); Prof. Fariz Mammadov, AzTU Vice-Rector, Head of the delegation; Mr. Konstantin Platonov, Director for Asia Engagement (TAU); Prof. Lev Eppelbaum, Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Exact Sciences (TAU); Dr. Rahid Alekberli, Founding Director and Researcher of the Institute of Defense Technologies and Cybersecurity (AzTU)

Azerbaijan and Israel Strengthen Academic Ties Through TAU–AzTU Collaboration

Azerbaijan Technical University visits TAU to explore joint research, innovation, and exchange opportunities

On October 22, 2025, Tel Aviv University (TAU) welcomed a high-level delegation from Azerbaijan Technical University (AzTU), marking an important step in strengthening academic cooperation between the two institutions.

Led by Vice-Rector Prof. Fariz Mammadov, the Azerbaijani delegation visited TAU to explore new opportunities for collaboration in areas such as cybersecurity and innovation management. The guests expressed particular interest in TAU’s leadership in entrepreneurship education and its expertise in technology transfer and research commercialization. 

During their visit, the delegation met with Prof. Milette Shamir, TAU Vice President for International Academic Collaboration, and Konstantin Platonov, Director for Asia Engagement, for in-depth discussions on expanding joint initiatives in various fields. 

They also held talks with TAU’s Faculty of Engineering, which has an impressive record of patenting innovations and supporting faculty-led startups, resulting in an agreement to launch student and faculty exchange programs.

“The visit of the AzTU delegation marks another step in the steady development of TAU’s ties with Azerbaijan.”—Konstantin Platonov, Director for Asia Engagement

The opening of the Azerbaijani Embassy in Israel in 2023 has significantly promoted university-level connections. Konstantin Platonov emphasized the growing potential for joint academic and research projects, particularly in advanced engineering and technology fields. “Collaboration with Azerbaijan holds great potential, especially in joint PhD training,” Platonov noted. 

“We’re glad to strengthen these ties and look forward to seeing more students and researchers move between our universities in the coming years.”

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