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Author: Hilary

Two weeks of Life-Changing, Life-Saving Tech

8,500 people attended TAU’s annual AI, cybersecurity, and defense tech weeks

At Tel Aviv University, the first two weeks of December were dedicated to the many Israeli technologies now changing and saving lives. Three different conferences—AI WeekCyber Week, and DefenseTech Week—were held on the TAU campus, all run by TAU’s Blavatnik Interdisciplinary Cyber Research Center. A combined 8,500 innovators, stakeholders, and experts attended hundreds of talks, viewed dozens of startup stalls, and made countless lucrative professional connections. 

DefenseTech Week and HackTAU  

Israel’s reputation as a juggernaut of security and defense innovations has been earned through years of necessity. At DefenseTech Week, global leaders from the military, academia, and industry shared how Israel’s advancements are shaping today’s global defense landscape.  

With 2,000 attendees and over 80 speakers, as well as two exclusive events for investors, the conference contributed notably to the implementation of better defense systems all over the world.  

A HackTAU participant presents his group’s innovation at DefenseTech. (Photo: LEN Productions)

Even more exciting, the next generation of defense innovators were put to the test in the “HackTAU: Battlefield Challenges” hackathon at the TAU Entrepreneurship Center. Dozens of participants in 24 teams came together to find a solution to three real-world challenges that soldiers face in the field. These brilliant young people presented their ideas for industry professionals at DefenseWeek. 

The hackathon was held in memory of Sergeant Eden Alon Levi z”l, Sergeant Ibrahim Kharova z“l, and Israel Hacohen Yudkin z”l. DefenseTech Week is hosted by the Blavatnik Interdisciplinary Cyber Research Center and the Yuval Ne’eman Workshop, in collaboration with the Directorate of Defense, Research & Development (DDR&D), and Israel’s Ministry of Defense. 

AI Week 

Since 2019, the AI Week conference has been a leading international event showcasing cutting-edge AI research and its applications, in Israel and globally. This year’s gathering featured a variety of panels on the many different facets of AI usage, including the highly applicable “Creativity in the Age of AI”, and an entire day focused on the impact of AI on the health sector. 

One session on cancer research illustrated how AI is helping predict stage, response to treatment, growth rate and more. These crucial discoveries may lead to more precise, effective treatments going forward. Said Dr. Ofir Cohen: “Cancer research is really at the pinnacle of both experimental and computational technologies. There are many lessons that the health and AI fields can draw from oncology.” 

AI Week is hosted by the Blavatnik Interdisciplinary Cyber Research Center, the TAU Center for AI and Data Science (TAD), and the TAU Yuval Ne’eman Workshop for Science, Technology and Security, in collaboration with the Israel Innovation Authority.  

Cyber Week 

This year, Cyber Week marked its 15th year. The conference is known as one of the top cybersecurity events in the world, bringing in thousands of top players from across the industry. This year’s conference featured about 35 separate events, with high-profile speakers including former Prime Minister Naftali Bennett and former Shin Bet Director Ronen Bar.  

Thousands attended CyberWeek 2025. (Photo: Chen Galili)

Events included:  

  • A full-day track on combating disinformation, analyzing how we can safeguard public discourse and national stability in the age of AI and fake news 

  • A youth conference with hundreds of tomorrow’s cyber and tech leaders who got the opportunity to hear from and meet current industry leaders

  • A full-day track on quantum research, which may soon change security and the digital world as we know it 

  • Two full-day tracks on online fraud, online identity, and finance in the digital age 

  • Multiple exclusive closed-door sessions for policymakers and industry executives  

During these sessions and many more, the world’s top technological minds met and created fertile ground for collaborations that will further accelerate innovation in the future. 

Cyber Week is hosted by TAU’S Blavatnik Interdisciplinary Cyber Research Center, TAU’s Yuval Ne’eman Workshop, and The Israel National Cyber Directorate, in collaboration with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the City of Tel Aviv, the Foreign Trade Administration and the Israel Export Institute. 

Israel’s First India Chair Established at TAU During Ambassadorial Visit

Indian Ambassador J.P. Singh meets students and leadership and signs landmark cooperation agreement

During the visit, Ambassador J.P. Singh met with Indian students and researchers from across the university and held discussions with Tel Aviv University leadership. The visit culminated in the signing of an agreement to establish Israel’s first India Chair at TAU.

At the outset of his visit, Ambassador Singh expressed condolences following a recent terrorist attack in Australia and underscored the close relationship between India and Israel.

“Whenever there is a crisis, India and Israel stand together,” he said, adding that his visit marked an important event focused on strengthening academic cooperation.

Strategic Dialogue with University Leadership

Ambassador Singh met with Tel Aviv University President Prof. Ariel Porat, Vice President International Prof. Milette Shamir, Director of Asia Engagement Konstantin Platonov, and senior faculty representatives to discuss the university’s long-term academic engagement with India.

Left to right: Prof Nir Ohad, Vice Dean of the Faculty of Life Sciences; Prof Liora Sarfati, TAU Department of East Asian Studies; Prof. Noam Eliaz, Dean of the Faculty of Engineering; TAU President Prof. Ariel Porat; Ambassador J.P. Singh; Vice President International Prof. Milette Shamir; Director of Asia Engagement Konstantin Platonov, Sayali Narayan Mhetre, Director of the Indian Cultural Center in Israel (Photo credit: Chen Galili)

Welcoming the ambassador, Prof. Porat emphasized the strategic importance of India in TAU’s international outlook:

“Our ties with India are very important to us. I have been in India both as president and previously as a law professor, and I have seen firsthand the quality and potential of academic collaboration.”—Tel Aviv University President Prof. Porat

During the discussions, Prof. Porat proposed the establishment of a new Forum on Innovation and Education, envisioned as a platform for direct dialogue and collaboration between leading universities in Israel and India. The proposal received immediate support from Ambassador J.P. Singh.

TAU VP for International Affairs Prof. Milette Shamir during the meeting with the Ambassador of India to Israel. (Photo credit: Chen Galili)

Framing TAU’s broader vision, Prof. Shamir described the relationship as a two-way academic bridge:

“TAU’s mission is to serve as a gateway to Israeli science and academic expertise for Indian academic partners, and as a gateway to India for Israeli researchers and students in terms of cultural exchange and beyond,”—Vice President International Prof. Milette Shamir

She noted that TAU’s collaboration with India extends well beyond formal agreements. Over the past decade, TAU researchers have produced more than 1,000 joint publications with Indian colleagues, providing a strong foundation for expanded cooperation, including joint PhD and master’s programs and increased faculty mobility.

H.E. Mr. J.P. Singh, Ambassador of India to Israel, with Konstantin Platonov during a meeting with members of the Indian student community at Tel Aviv University. (Photo credit: Chen Galili)

Highlighting the campus dimension, Platonov pointed to the strength of the Indian research community at TAU.

“Indian research students are the second-largest cohort of foreign students at TAU and a thriving community. They feel comfortable and safe on our campus and build strong connections with our professors.”—Director of Asia Engagement Konstantin Platonov

From the faculty perspective, Prof. Nir Ohad, Vice Dean of the Faculty of Life Sciences and head of food security studies at TAU, focused on the long-term impact of sustained academic exchange.

“Our joint master’s program with Thapar University has created a clear pipeline of academic training. Students progress from graduate studies at TAU to PhDs, postdoctoral research, and faculty positions in India.”—Prof. Nir Ohad, Vice Dean of the Faculty of Life Sciences

Representing the engineering faculty, Prof. Noam Eliaz, Dean of the Faculty of Engineering, stressed that all graduate-level engineering programs at TAU are taught entirely in English, making them accessible to international scholars from India pursuing master’s, PhD, and postdoctoral training.

H.E. Mr. J.P. Singh, Ambassador of India to Israel, discusses academic cooperation with Tel Aviv University leadership and faculty members. (Photo credit: Chen Galili)

In the humanities, Prof. Liora Sarfati from the Department of East Asian Studies spoke about TAU’s contribution to education and cultural scholarship, citing the Faculty of Humanities’ extensive experience in education studies. She also noted that TAU is home to one of the world’s largest Sanskrit programs, whose graduates continue into advanced research and academic careers in Israel and abroad.

Ambassador J.P. Singh welcomed TAU’s multidimensional engagement with India and underscored the urgency of expanding academic cooperation.

“This is the right time to deepen collaboration in education through student and faculty exchange, joint research, and partnerships between universities, public and private.”—Ambassador J.P. Singh

Establishing the ICCR–TAU India Chair

A central highlight of the visit was the signing of an agreement establishing the ICCR–TAU India Chair, in cooperation with the Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR). 

TAU President Prof. Porat and Ambassador J.P. Singh sign the ICCR–TAU agreement establishing the ICCR–TAU India Chair. (Photo credit: Chen Galili)

The first initiative of its kind in Israel, the ICCR-TAU India Chair will enable TAU to host leading Indian scholars annually across a range of academic fields, made possible through generous sponsorship from ICCR. 

“This chair will allow scholars of India to engage with Tel Aviv University on a regular basis.”—Ambassador J.P. Singh

“By inaugurating the ICCR–TAU India Chair at TAU and establishing the TAU India Hub in Delhi for permanent in-country representation, we are taking our engagement with Indian students, research partners, and other stakeholders to the next level,” commented Platonov. 

Meeting India’s Research Community at TAU

During his visit, Ambassador Singh also met with Indian students and postdoctoral researchers at TAU, representing disciplines including medicine, chemistry, life sciences, mechanical engineering, materials science, and plant sciences.

The meeting reflected the diversity of India’s academic presence on campus, with students originating from different regions across the country. “India is very well represented here,” said the ambassador.

Ambassador J.P. Singh (in the center) with Maureen Meyer Adiri, the Director of the Lowy International School, and Konstantin Platonov, Director of Asia Engagement (on the right). (Photo credit: Chen Galili)

He encouraged students to remain focused on their academic goals while making the most of their international experience: “You have come here for studies. When you achieve something, you will contribute to the development of India.”

At the same time, Ambassador J.P. Singh emphasized their broader role:

“You are our ambassadors. Through your daily interactions, your research, and your engagement with Israeli society, you help bring our two countries closer together.”

During the discussion, students highlighted the potential to build on Israel’s startup and innovation experience to help advance India’s growing startup ecosystem, pointing to potential collaboration between academia, industry, and entrepreneurs in both countries.

Future Directions in India–Israel Cooperation

The visit reflected a shared vision for the future of India–Israel academic cooperation, with education positioned as a key driver of innovation, cultural understanding, and long-term partnership.

Echoing Ambassador Singh’s remarks on expanding exchange programs, strengthening joint research, and exploring new models of institutional presence in India, Tel Aviv University continues to deepen its engagement through initiatives such as the ICCR–TAU India Chair and expanded research collaboration, reinforcing its role as a global hub for academic excellence and international exchange.

The Dinosaurs That Forgot How to Fly

A Rare Discovery Sheds New Light on the Evolution of Flight

A new study led by a researcher from the School of Zoology and the Steinhardt Museum of Natural History at Tel Aviv University examined dinosaur fossils preserved with their feathers and found that these dinosaurs had lost the ability to fly. According to the researchers, this is an extremely rare finding that offers a glimpse into the functioning of creatures that lived 160 million years ago, and their impact on the evolution of flight in dinosaurs and birds.

The research team: “This finding has broad significance, as it suggests that the development of flight throughout the evolution of dinosaurs and birds was far more complex than previously believed. In fact, certain species may have developed basic flight abilities — and then lost them later in their evolution.”

The study was led by Dr. Yosef Kiat of the School of Zoology and the Steinhardt Museum of Natural History at Tel Aviv University, in collaboration with researchers from China and the United States. The article was published in Communications Biology, published by Nature Portfolio.

Feathers, Dinosaurs, and the Origins of Birds

Dr. Kiat, an ornithologist specializing in feather research, explains: “The dinosaur lineage split from other reptiles 240 million years ago. Soon afterwards (on an evolutionary timescale) many dinosaurs developed feathers — a unique lightweight and strong organic structure, made of protein and used mainly for flight and for preserving body temperature. Around 175 million years ago, a lineage of feathered dinosaurs called Pennaraptora emerged – the distant ancestors of modern birds and the only lineage of dinosaurs to survive the mass extinction that marked the end of the Mesozoic era 66 million years ago. As far as we know, the Pennaraptora group developed feathers for flight, but it is possible that when environmental conditions changed, some of these dinosaurs lost their flight ability — just like the ostriches and penguins of today.”

160-million-year-old Anchiornis fossils

In the study, nine fossils from eastern China were examined, all belonging to a feathered Pennaraptoran dinosaur taxon called Anchiornis. A rare paleontological finding, these fossils (and several hundred similar ones) were preserved with their feathers intact, thanks to the special conditions prevailing in the region during fossilization. Specifically, the nine fossils examined in the study were chosen because they had retained the color of the wing feathers — white with a black spot at the tip.

What Feather Molting Can Tell Us

Here is where feather researcher Dr. Kiat enters the picture, explaining: “Feathers grow for two to three weeks. Reaching their final size, they detach from the blood vessels that fed them during growth and become dead material. Worn over time, they are shed and replaced by new feathers – in a process called molting, which tells an important story: birds that depend on flight, and thus on the feathers enabling them to fly, molt in an orderly, gradual process that maintains symmetry between the wings and allows them to keep flying during molting. In birds without flight ability, on the other hand, molting is more random and irregular. Consequently, the molting pattern tells us whether a certain winged creature was capable of flight.”

Evidence of a Flightless Dinosaur

The preserved feather coloration in the dinosaur fossils from China allowed the researchers to identify the wing structure, with the edge featuring a continual line of black spots. Moreover, they were able to distinguish new feathers that had not yet completed their growth — since their black spots deviated from the black line. A thorough inspection of the new feathers in the nine fossils revealed that molting had not occurred in an orderly process.

Dr. Yosef Kiat of the School of Zoology and the Steinhardt Museum of Natural History

Dr. Kiat: “Based on my familiarity with modern birds, I identified a molting pattern indicating that these dinosaurs were probably flightless. This is a rare and especially exciting finding: the preserved coloration of the feathers gave us a unique opportunity to identify a functional trait of these ancient creatures – not only the body structure preserved in fossils of skeletons and bones.”

Rethinking the Evolution of Flight

Dr. Kiat concludes: “Feather molting seems like a small technical detail — but when examined in fossils, it can change everything we thought about the origins of flight. Anchiornis now joins the list of dinosaurs that were covered in feathers but not capable of flight, highlighting how complex and diverse wing evolution truly was.”

No Longer a Secret Garden

TAU’s Yehuda Naftali Botanic Garden now welcomes individual visitors

For decades, the Tel Aviv University Botanic Garden has stood as one of Israel’s leading living laboratories: an essential hub for plant sciences research, a sanctuary for native species, and a cornerstone of environmental education. Yet despite its scientific significance and rich biodiversity, the garden long lacked the resources needed to fully realize its vast potential. 

According to Kineret Shwartz Maneviich, the Garden’s Operational Manager, the turning point came with the transformative contribution of philanthropist Yehuda Naftali. 

“Yehuda’s support allowed us to leap forward in ways we’d only dreamed of,” she explains. “We were able to create new interactive learning experiences designed to spark curiosity -especially among children and teenagers. Our goal is to instill a sense of wonder and deepen appreciation for Israel’s natural world among new generations.” 

As a result of Naftali’s gift, the Garden has introduced a series of interactive experiential exhibits throughout its grounds, inviting visitors to explore plant diversity, ecological relationships, evolutionary processes, climate challenges, and conservation efforts through hands-on engagement. These exhibits now serve both as educational tools and as gateways into larger botanical knowledge. At the same time, entire sections have been revitalized and enhanced, such as the Wetland Habitat the Succulent collection and the Greenhouse for Useful Plants.  

Yehuda Naftali (left) with TAU Pres. Prof. Ariel Porat. (Photo: Chen Galili, TAU)

Opening to the Public 

In spring 2025, the Naftali Garden opened for a pilot period following significant renovations. A more extensive public reopening followed in October 2025, accompanied by expanded programming for families, school groups, and the wider community. Now, the Garden is preparing to welcome visitors once again for Hanukkah, continuing to grow into its role as a vibrant, accessible space for the wider community. 

Looking ahead, the garden’s academic and operational management follows a vision supported by three pillars: research, conservation and education. “We aspire to serve as a state-of-the-art research facility for plant scientists from TAU, other Israeli universities, and around the world. We are committed to protecting Israel’s unique plant diversity through conservation and the reintroduction of endangered species. And finally, we want to inspire the public-children, students, families, everyone-to discover the beauty and importance of plants,” Maneviich concludes. 

With continued growth, expanded research capabilities, and a renewed commitment to community engagement, the Tel Aviv University Naftali Botanic Garden is poised to achieve its full potential – both as a scientific powerhouse and as an essential cultural and environmental resource for Israel. 

Tickets for the Naftali Botanic Garden’s Hanukkah programs and tours can be purchased via the Steinhardt Museum of Natural History website here>> 

Yehuda Naftali Botanic Garden’s Hanukkah 2025 activities:
 

Dates & Times 

Activity 

Time / Opening Hours 

Dates (Hanukkah-season 2025) 

Guided “Flowers & Pollinators” tour 

09:45 

Tue 16 Dec · Wed 17 Dec · Thu 18 Dec · Fri 19 Dec · Sun 21 Dec · Mon 22 Dec  

Guided lantern-lit (evening) garden tour 

16:30 

Mon 15 Dec · Tue 16 Dec · Wed 17 Dec · Thu 18 Dec · Sat 20 Dec · Sun 21 Dec · Mon 22 Dec  

Independent garden visits 

10:00–16:00 (on Fridays until 14:00) 

Tue 16 Dec · Wed 17 Dec · Thu 18 Dec · Fri 19 Dec  

 

Note: Entrance is by pre-booked ticket only, and a ticket to the garden does not include access to the adjacent Steinhardt Natural History Museum. lifesci.tau.ac.il+1 

 

Helping Heal a Hurting Generation

TAU trains staff to spot and respond to student distress

A young woman sits in the back row of a large lecture hall. As the professor glances up from his presentation, he notices the student’s head drop into her hands and her awkward attempt to hide her tear-streaked face. He pauses mid-sentence, not knowing how to react, then turns his attention quickly back to the large screen and resumes his lecture.  

These scenarios are likely taking place across Israeli campuses as students face the aftermath of two years of war. At Tel Aviv University, staff and faculty have been recruited to help struggling students through a series of online workshops on recognizing emotional stress. Run by the TAU Student Success Center (SSC), the workshops equip participants to reach out to students and colleagues and direct them to University resources.    

It Takes a Village 

“After a prolonged state of heightened alert, of being in survival mode, students are just now truly grappling with all the pain and grief they suppressed,” said Dr. Liat Sorski, a clinical psychologist, researcher in the field of psychoneuroimmunology, and the Mental Health Awareness Coordinator at the SSC. “After two years of repeated trauma, we’re in the post-trauma stage, and it’s a critical stage.” 

She believes that academic and administrative employees, who often see students daily, should have the ability to identify warning signs of traumatized students and be trained in how to handle sensitive situations and conversations. As adults who serve as mentors, teachers and role models, University employees have a responsibility for the well-being of students, and that includes their emotional state, emphasized Dr. Sorski.  

Participants in the online workshops have included administrative assistants, student coordinators, lecturers, senior faculty, department heads, and heads of schools.  

The feedback from staff has been overwhelmingly positive. “Many expressed how much they needed this kind of training and how detailed and helpful the workshop was,” said Dr. Sorski. 

Professor or Therapist?  

The training, led by Dr. Sorski since the beginning of the academic year, focuses on recognizing common reactions to all forms of distress and trauma, addressing both overt and hidden signs, responding in various ways while still respecting students’ privacy, and appropriately handling situations such as crying or other emotional outbursts.  

“It’s ok to stop the class and allow the student to step out and gather themselves,” said Dr. Sorski. “And it’s ok to address the entire class and acknowledge the situation – we all went through a difficult period. We have to normalize the expression of our feelings.” 

Just as important to understand is what not to do in these situations. Dr. Sorski acknowledged the urge to share personal experiences in an attempt to identify with a student but stressed that this is not an appropriate response. Also not recommended is attempting to provide advice or counseling.  

“You are not a therapist, that’s not your role,” she said. Instead, staff should make the student feel seen and acknowledge their hardship, then direct them to appropriate resources.  

Dr. Sorski also highlighted populations at higher risk of experiencing difficulties, such as foreign students who lack a support network, and reviewed in depth the University’s support mechanisms: the Student Success Center’s Psychological Services Unit, the network of faculty advisors, and the National Center for Traumatic Stress and Resilience; as well as national mental health resources outside the University.  

The lectures are part of a wide array of services the Psychological Services Unit provides to students and staff. In the coming weeks, Dr. Sorski will be leading workshops for students this time, teaching coping strategies for stress and anxiety.  

For more information on the Student Success Center’s mental health services, go to https://deanstudents.tau.ac.il/psychological-services.  

 

Bridging the Gap: TAU Students Assist an Impoverished Town

A hands-on course at the TAU Buchmann Faculty of Law brings legal knowledge to needy citizens

A low railing separates the distressed town of Jisr al-Zarqa from the affluent coastal city of Caesarea. Just a thin barrier, yet it represents a vast divide—socially, economically, and historically. Nestled along Israel’s Mediterranean coast, Jisr al-Zarqa is the country’s only Arab town on the shoreline, home to some 16,000 residents living on barely two square kilometres of land. Established in the 1920s around fishing and agriculture, the town today faces high unemployment, overcrowded housing, and decades of planning neglect.

Into this gap steps Tel Aviv University. Through its Buchmann Faculty of Law, the University is pioneering an educational initiative that merges legal education with social responsibility, societal change, and coexistence. The course, “Jisr al-Zarqa – Space, Planning, and Housing,” invites law students to bring the classroom to the community. Once a week, students visit Jisr al-Zarqa’s social services headquarters, offering pro bono legal advice on matters ranging from housing assistance and other governmental benefits to more complex legal matters, such as housing registration and permits.

“I enrolled in this course out of a deep sense of obligation, especially toward vulnerable groups or those who have experienced exclusion for various reasons,” says Bashar Siri, a third-year TAU law student.

“I’m glad I took part in the course to help, even if only in a small way. The residents here are an inseparable part of us.”

Hands-on Learning

Led by Prof.Neta Ziv, TAU’s Vice President for Equity, Diversity and Community, along with attorney Sharon Karni Kohn from the Hagar Carasso Social  Housing Program, the course is a model of engaged scholarship.

“The Jisr al-Zarqa Housing and Planning course is unique in the way teaching and research are conducted at the law school,” explains Prof. Ziv.

“First, it brings together Arab and Jewish students in work settings to explore how law can improve the lives of people in the poorest locality in Israel—and at the same time, how law can be used by the powerful to reinforce inequality. Second, students go out into the field, applying their skills to assist real people in real situations while studying doctrine and legal theory. Finally, for Arab students, this is one of the few opportunities to study their own communities academically, with hands-on reflective practice.”

Jisr al-Zarqa Housing and Planning course students and professors

The TAU work is tangible and immediate. On a recent morning, Kohn helped a resident whose home had been recently demolished due to the absence of a building permit. Together, they filled out a rent-assistance form, a small but vital step toward stability.

Diving Deep

The course is supplemented by guest lectures from experts across multiple disciplines, including architect Areej Serhan, a planner who discussed the challenges of mobility and development in Arab communities. “Arab towns often suffer from a lack of proper paperwork, planning, and development,” she explained. “It becomes a vicious cycle that is not easy to break.” Yet, Serhan said, in recent years, the situation is changing. “There’s talk of advancing social mobility and cooperation. We see progress in closing gaps in educational results and economic growth in certain communities.”

Architect Areej Serhan addressing the students

The TAU course is part of the change. Funded by the Social Initiative for the Implementation of Government Decision 1804 (through the JDC) and the Galileo Fund, and supported by TAU’s Commission for Equality and Diversity, the course exemplifies the University’s commitment to social impact. It bridges gaps—between communities, between students and society, and between legal knowledge and real-world application.

 

Invisible Wounds: Overcoming Guilt, Shame, and Trauma after October 7th

A psychologist at the Tel Aviv University National Center for Traumatic Stress and Resilience shares stories of struggle and success in battling PTSD

Dr. Michal Kahn, a sleep researcher and clinical psychologist in trauma recovery, is confronting an epidemic of invisible wounds. The survivors of the October 7 attacks and the Iron Swords War arrive at the Trauma Clinic at TAU carrying not just the evident scars of conflict, but the devastating weight of guilt and shame.

How Does Trauma Affect Daily Life?

October 7, the war, and the events of the past two years have left an entire generation of young people traumatized and struggling to cope with deep and complex emotions. The memories they carry are often intrusive, affecting their daily existence and ability to function. These are not merely sad recollections.  Memories of trauma feel raw even years later and cause physical pain and psychological disruptions.

“Many people who come to us carry memories that interfere with every aspect of their lives,” Dr. Kahn shares. “Sometimes it’s a mother who can’t sleep because she hears sirens in her dreams, or a soldier who can’t walk into a public space without scanning for danger. These are stories we hear again and again — and while heartbreaking, they’re also treatable.”

For many, the initial feeling upon arrival at the TAU Trauma Clinic is one of utter hopelessness. “The trauma is so raw that many people feel like they’re broken beyond repair. Our job is to hold that pain with them, and slowly show them that healing is possible,” Dr. Kahn affirms.

What Does Guilt Have to Do with Trauma?

Dr. Kahn notes that one obstacle to healing is the internal battle many patients face. They are haunted by questions that place blame squarely on themselves.

“They ask themselves: ‘Why didn’t I protect my children?’ ‘Why wasn’t I strong enough to fight for my family?’ ‘How did I let this happen?’ These thoughts are devastating,” explains Dr. Kahn.

This self-condemnation is incredibly common, even among those who acted heroically or simply did their best to survive in impossible circumstances.

The crucial work of therapy involves disentangling these emotions, which actively block the path to recovery.

“We help them understand how guilt and shame can prolong their suffering — how these beliefs, while so understandable, actually block growth and recovery,” she says. “And when people begin to loosen that grip, to accept this pretty bleak reality of what happened, and to let go of the fantasy of what ‘should have happened,’ that’s when healing can begin.”

What Does Therapy Involve?

The therapeutic approach at the TAU National Center for Traumatic Stress and Resilience focuses on processing the fragmented, terrifying moments of trauma. “Trauma memories rarely dissolve on their own,” Dr. Kahn explains. “They sit in the mind like unfinished chapters — overwhelming, intrusive, unprocessed. What we do in therapy is help the person walk through their story in a controlled, safe environment.”

The Center utilizes cognitive processing therapy (CPT), an evidence-based, first-line treatment for PTSD. The goal is not to erase the past but to fundamentally change its hold on the present.

“We write it, read it together, say it out loud. Slowly, the brain begins to refile it as something that happened in the past, not something happening right now. They learn to look at their story from multiple perspectives,” Dr. Kahn says.

This structured confrontation is vital to disarming the trauma’s power.

“A big part of CPT is helping people confront the parts of their story they couldn’t bear to touch — the guilt, the fear, the helplessness. When they can finally put words to those moments, the symptoms lose their intensity. The avoidance starts to fall away,” she notes.

The ultimate aim is to restore a sense of control: By taking something that was terrifying and chaotic and giving it structure, patients regain a sense of mastery over their lives and surroundings.

A Deeply Committed and Experienced Team

The urgency and severity of the current crisis in Israel have dictated the Center’s unique staffing model.

“Every therapist on the team is a seasoned clinician with deep expertise in the field of trauma. We don’t have interns and we’re not a teaching facility. We made that choice deliberately, because the level of trauma we’re treating requires experience,” Dr. Khahn explains. “Our team also includes research-practitioners, who are highly knowledgeable in evidence-based treatment, ensuring that the care we provide is both clinically grounded and informed by the latest scientific understanding.”

Moreover, the team’s commitment is personal.

“Our therapists are not only experienced — they’re deeply committed. We have all lived through October 7th ourselves. We know the landscape of this trauma from the inside,” she states.

This combination of highly-trained staff and first-line evidence-based treatments means the Center can offer fast access to high-quality, science-based care, a rarity in Israel right now.

Who Takes Care of the Caregivers?

Despite the immense emotional toll of this work, Dr. Kahn finds profound purpose in her work at the clinic.

“Sitting with these stories means re-living October 7 again and again in many different forms. It’s hard sometimes. There are days when the weight of it sits with me long after I leave the clinic,” she admits.

However, the difficulty is balanced by a powerful sense of purpose:

“I meet people at the lowest point of their lives, and I get to watch them rediscover safety, connection, and sometimes even joy. That’s an extraordinary privilege.”

For Dr. Kahn, every patient’s recovery is a step toward a healthier community.

“I often think: every person who heals here is another thread in rebuilding a healthy, resilient Israeli society,” she says. This sentiment extends to the global Jewish community, whose support provides a crucial message of solidarity to the survivors and to the caregivers who are caring for them.

“When communities abroad stand with us, it sends our patients and us a message: you’re not alone.”

TAU Student Team Wins Gold Medal at Prestigious iGEM Competition

For Developing an Innovative Strategy Toward a New Treatment for Advanced Lung Cancer

Tel Aviv University’s iGEM student team has won a gold medal at the prestigious international iGEM competition, held recently in Paris, France, for developing an innovative therapeutic strategy aimed at treating metastatic lung cancer – offering new hope for patients who until now had no effective treatment options. The project also reached the finals for Best Oncology Research and Best Model.

About the iGEM Competition

iGEM is a global competition in synthetic biology in which each team develops an innovative idea designed to solve a challenge in the field. Teams then implement the idea using engineering, biological, and computational tools in a process that resembles early-stage startup development.

This year, more than 400 teams from around the world participated.

At Tel Aviv University, the iGEM team is composed each year of students from diverse academic backgrounds—including engineering, life sciences, medicine, and exact sciences—who come together to conduct research in synthetic biology.

The Team’s Strategy: Confronting Five Central Challenges in Cancer Treatment

Under the guidance of Prof. Tamir Tuller from the Faculty of Engineering, this year’s team developed a strategy addressing five major challenges that must be overcome to achieve an effective treatment for metastatic lung cancer in particular, and for cancer more broadly:

  1. Drug delivery: One of the main challenges in the pharmaceutical world today is finding a strategy that enables transporting a therapeutic molecule directly to the target tissue.
  2. Incomplete eradication: It is rare for cancer treatments at advanced stages to destroy all cancerous cells. Even a small number of remaining cells can divide and eventually cause the cancer to return—often in a more aggressive form.
  3. Limitations of biological therapies: Most biological treatments identify cancer cells based on altered proteins that typically appear on the cell membrane. However, in many cases, cancer-driving mutations do not change the protein, or they change a protein that is not membrane-bound.
  4. Trial-and-error development: Unlike engineering fields, drug development today still relies heavily on trial and error.
  5. Patient variability: While pharmaceutical companies aim to develop drugs that can treat many patients, there is often high variability in the distribution of mutations among different individuals, making it difficult for standard strategies to provide a universal solution.

To illustrate these challenges, the team described the effort to overcome them as a chess match against cancer.

Their solution includes a DNA sequence that silences a cancer-related gene and is attached to an antibody capable of penetrating cancer cells. The various components were designed using a combination of diverse computational strategies and innovative algorithms.

From Competition Success to Real-World Impact

Following their success, the team submitted a patent application through Ramot – Tel Aviv University’s technology transfer company. A scientific paper describing the development will be published soon.

The team also prepared a comprehensive and detailed business plan aimed at bringing the product to market. Loza, a company operating in the international pharma and biotech sectors, was impressed with the project and contributed to the team.

Educational Outreach: National High-School Competition

In collaboration with the ORT high-school network, the team organized a national synthetic biology competition for high-school students, with hundreds of participants.

Team Members

Shir Shance (Captain, Faculty of Life Sciences),
Idan Eyni Galanti (Captain, Faculty of Engineering),
Michael Kovaliov (Head of Modeling, Faculty of Exact Sciences),
Ester Buderovsky (Head of Biology, Faculty of Medicine),
Ariella Nouman (Faculty of Engineering),
Gal Aziel (Faculty of Medicine),
Niv David (Faculty of Engineering & Faculty of Life Sciences),
Roni Zarkhovsky (Faculty of Engineering & Faculty of Life Sciences),
May Lieber (Faculty of Engineering),
Din Saadon (Faculty of Engineering),
Hillel Charbit (Faculty of Exact Sciences),
Dr. Daniel Dovrat (Team Advisor, Faculty of Engineering).

The iGEM steering committee included Yair Sakov from the TAU Innovation Center, the team from Startup Nation Central, and Professors Martin Kupiec, Avigdor Eldar, Uri Gophna, and Itai Benhar.

Prof. Tuller: “The Team Was Outstanding”

Prof. Tuller concludes:
“This year’s team was remarkable by every measure. I believe that their developments—including the models and software—will influence not only the field of lung cancer, but also other types of cancer, genetic diseases, and basic research in molecular biology and medicine. I would like to extend special thanks to the Startup Nation Central team, who helped train the group in entrepreneurship at the highest level.”

Why Sea Urchins Are Dying?

TAU meta-analysis finds pathogens, storms, and extreme temperatures are the leading causes of sea urchin mass mortality events.

Two pioneering studies by researchers from the School of Zoology and the Steinhardt Museum of Natural History at Tel Aviv University, led by Dr. Omri Bronstein, have identified the primary drivers of sea urchin mass mortality events over recent decades: pathogens, storms, and extreme temperatures. In addition, Dr. Bronstein and his team have developed an innovative method for genetic sampling in marine environments – using a swab similar to a COVID-19 test — to enable rapid and non-invasive monitoring of marine animals and underwater disease outbreaks.

The first study, published in the journal Biological Reviews, presents a meta-analysis of all 110 scientifically documented mass mortality events (MMEs) among sea urchins recorded between 1888 and 2024. Dr. Bronstein and PhD student Lisa Schmidt conducted a comprehensive review of the history of these events, showing that most reported MMEs originate in the Northern Hemisphere — particularly in the United States, Western Europe, and Japan — where the majority of research and funding are concentrated. The Tel Aviv University researchers classified five main causes of these events and found that 33% were caused by pathogens, 25% by catastrophic events such as storms and oxygen depletion, 24% by extreme temperatures, 11% by algal blooms, and 7% by human activity, such as pollution and habitat destruction.

Left to right: Mai Bonomo & Dr. Omri Bronstein holding sea urchin and sample tube

“This is a meta-analysis of all scientific literature on the subject,” says Dr. Bronstein. “For each mass mortality event, we mapped where and when it occurred, which species were affected, and most importantly — what the causes were. After filtering out hundreds of publications who lacked sufficient credible data to be included in our analyses, ee found that pathogens are the leading cause of mass mortalities among sea urchins. This finding aligns closely with what we are seeing today in the modern wave of die-offs — from the Caribbean to the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean. There is a tendency to attribute everything to global warming, but that is not always accurate. In many cases, mortality is not directly related to heat, as some affected sea urchin species naturally live in even warmer environments. These temperatures may not be optimal, but they are not lethal for these species. The problem is that warming influences many other environmental factors, which can combine into a deadly mix. For example, warmer waters tend to have lower dissolved oxygen and higher pathogen activity.”

A Global Sea Urchin Pandemic

In 2023, Dr. Bronstein identified a mass mortality event of long-spined sea urchins (Diadema setosum) along the Red Sea coast. He subsequently found that the same pathogen — a ciliate parasite — responsible for wiping out a related Caribbean species was also to blame. Since that discovery, the outbreak has spread to the Indian Ocean, reappeared in the Caribbean, and is now considered a global pandemic threatening sea urchin populations worldwide.

“Sea urchins are vital to coral reef health,” explains Dr. Bronstein. “They are the ‘gardeners’ of the reef: they feed on algae and prevent it from overgrowing and suffocating the corals competing for sunlight. In 1983, the most dominant Caribbean sea urchin species, Diadema antillarum, died in vast numbers from an unknown reason at the time; algae proliferated uncontrollably, shaded the corals, and the entire ecosystem shifted from coral reefs to algal fields. Even 40 years later, the sea urchin population — and the reefs — have not recovered. We fear that the same process may now occur in other parts of the world where mass die-offs are happening, mainly among the long-spined sea urchin, a relative of the Caribbean species — the black urchin with long spines familiar to everyone. Until recently, it was one of the most common reef urchins in Eilat; today it has almost disappeared from large parts of the Red Sea. This is a very violent event: within less than 48 hours, a healthy population turns into disintegrating skeletons. In some sites in Eilat and Sinai, mortality reached 100%. Later, mass deaths were recorded on Réunion Island in the Indian Ocean, and we are now investigating three additional mass mortality events in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean, and even the Mediterranean Seas. What began as a local mortality event has become regional and then global, posing a threat to coral reefs everywhere.”

Close-up of hand swabbing sea urchin underwater tank

The Challenge of Genetic Sampling Underwater

To address one of the major challenges in marine genetic sampling, graduate student Mai Bonomo and Dr. Bronstein published a separate study in Molecular Ecology Resources, developing a new, inexpensive, and non-invasive method for collecting underwater genetic samples at scale.

“The main tools used today to identify both animals and pathogens are genetic,” says Dr. Bronstein. “But molecular ecology faces a fundamental problem: there’s no simple way to sample DNA from live marine animals underwater. As a result, many studies rely on invasive methods that harm the animal or even require sacrificing it completely to bring it into the lab. Therefore, research in this field is heavily regulated, weighing each case’s scientific value against environmental ethics. For example, sampling is prohibited in marine nature reserves, there are restrictions and bans on shipping samples abroad — including corals — and every scientific publication must present the official permits for each sample it reports. Our need to overcome this bottleneck arose from the sea urchin pandemic. Today, there are only two ways to detect diseased urchins: visually — which is too late, as the animals are already dying — or through genetic tools that can detect disease before symptoms appear. But if detecting disease requires removing the animal from the sea, it makes no difference whether it’s sick or not — we end up sacrificing it.”

A Simple New Tool for Rapid, Non-Invasive Sampling

To overcome this challenge, Tel Aviv University researchers developed a specialized underwater genetic sampling kit that is durable, reliable, inexpensive, and easy to use — and it is already being adopted by research groups worldwide, especially in remote or sensitive areas.

“We developed a new tool for underwater DNA sampling that resembles a COVID-19 test,” explains Dr. Bronstein. “At the end of a special tube filled with a preservation liquid is a membrane preventing water penetration, sealed with a clip-cap — much like some toothpaste tubes. Just like a COVID test, the researcher gently swabs the surface of the marine animal, without harming or moving it. There’s no need to collect mucus as in humans — just a light swipe is enough. The swab is then inserted into the tube, piercing the membrane that protects the preservation liquid inside, and the cap is locked to secure the sample. That’s it. A single researcher can collect dozens of samples in one dive, under almost any environmental or depth conditions.

The kit has already been tested in challenging environments, including field expeditions to Djibouti and Réunion Island, and the results are very promising: samples remained exceptionally well-preserved for months without refrigeration before arriving at our lab, and still allowed for sensitive genetic analyses. In a large-scale trial we conducted in the Gulf of Eilat, we collected genetic material from hundreds of echinoderms — the group that includes sea urchins and starfish — within just a few months, and performed the most extensive genetic analysis ever conducted on these species in the region. This led to the discovery of several new species and the reclassification of others previously unknown to science. This is a simple and elegant solution to one of the most persistent technical challenges in marine molecular ecology.”

 

 

Why Do We Tip? TAU Study Challenges Common Assumptions

New research reveals that tipping is driven more by social conformity than genuine appreciation, offering only weak motivation for better service, yet pushing tipping rates ever higher.

What makes us tip?  A new study explores two main motives: genuine appreciation for the service and conformity with social norms. Those who truly value the service tend to tip above the standard rate, while conformists usually align with them — leading to a gradual rise in average tipping rates over time.

The study, published in Management Science, was conducted by Dr. Ran Snitkovsky of the Coller School of Management at Tel Aviv University, together with Prof. Laurens Debo of the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College. Their theoretical model sheds light on the complexity of tipping and its economic and social implications.

“Tipping is a phenomenon that is difficult to explain using classical economic tools,” explains Dr. Snitkovsky. “The ‘homo economicus’, who is only interested in their own material wealth, has no reason to tip once the service has been provided.”

He adds that earlier research suggested tipping ensures better service in the future — but this doesn’t explain why people tip even when they are unlikely to meet the same service provider again, such as a taxi driver abroad. “Another common argument is that tipping provides an incentive for servers to give better service. Whether this is true or not, a self-interested customer would prefer others to tip and maintain good service quality while avoiding the expense himself. The conclusion is that to understand this phenomenon in depth, we must examine psychological and behavioral considerations.”

A recent study reported by USA Today revealed that the average American spends nearly $500 annually on tips in restaurants and bars, and that the tipping system in the U.S. generates over $50 billion each year, providing a primary source of income for millions of servers.

“We used a mathematical model and tools from game theory and behavioral economics to understand the motivations behind tipping,” says Dr. Snitkovsky. “Into this model we fed the two main reasons people report for tipping: the first is to express gratitude to the service provider, and the second is conformity —doing what everybody else does.”

“The first reason relates to my personal valuation of the service I received or the server-customer interaction, and can stem from wanting to reward the server for doing their job or showing empathy towards them,” he continues. “The second reason is tied to how I perceive myself in society — my interaction with other customers. In other words, we can distinguish between ‘appreciators’ and ‘conformists’.”

Why Tipping Rates Keep Rising

The researchers found that in societies with stronger social pressure, where people feel a greater need to comply with the norm, average tip amounts tend to rise over time.

Dr. Ran Snitkovsky, Photo credit:  Israel Hadari, Tel Aviv University

“The process is inherently driven by appreciators pulling the conformists upward, but not the other way around,” says Dr. Snitkovsky. “This might explain why tipping rates in the U.S. few decades ago were around 10% and are now closer to 20%. Those who appreciate the service are willing to tip well above the average, while those who wish to comply with the customary practice ‘chase’ the average. Additionally, rising tipping rates may also reflect growing economic inequality — a hypothesis proposed by another researcher from Tel Aviv University, Prof. Yoram Margalioth of the Buchmann Faculty of Law, and supported by our model.”

A Weak Incentive for Better Service

The study also explored whether tipping provides an effective incentive for servers to improve their performance. The model shows that while tips can encourage servers to exert effort, it is a relatively weak motivator, since many customers are conformists who will tip the standard amount in any case.

“If a server knows most customers are conformists, there’s little reason to put in extra effort since they will tip the customary amount anyway,” explains Dr. Snitkovsky. “This is indeed the situation in countries like the U.S.”

 “In an imaginary world where all customers are appreciators, unaffected by each other’s tipping rates, tipping would serve as a much stronger incentive. On the other hand, in such a world where tips only reflect appreciation, businesses might conclude that customers are willing to pay more for the service experience and charge higher prices upfront. This may trigger customers to adjust their expectations and reduce the tip percentage accordingly.”

The ‘Tip Credit’ System

The researchers also examined the ‘tip credit’ regulation applied in most U.S. states. This law allows employers to pay less than the minimum wage for tipped professions, covering the difference with tips. For instance, if the minimum wage is $8 per hour and the state has set the sub-minimum wage at $3, employers may pay servers only $3 and use tips to cover the $5 difference. Only if tips fall short of the minimum wage are employers required to make up the gap. If a server makes more than $8 after tips, they can keep the difference.

“We see that a higher tip credit allows businesses to reduce prices — because they rely more on tips to finance labor,” says Dr. Snitkovsky. “Consequently, they can increase supply and serve more customers. This suggests an element of economic efficiency, but the efficiency in this case comes at the expense of the individual server’s earnings. So essentially, tip credit is a mechanism allowing employers to cut into tips that ostensibly belong to servers, using them to pay wages.”

A Complex Social Phenomenon

As for his personal view, Dr. Snitkovsky admits he dislikes tipping. “I came to this study with a bias. Personally, I don’t like this practice, and I wanted to understand what drives it. First of all, tipping puts customers in an uncomfortable position. Studies have shown that tipping can encourage sexist behavior toward female servers – who may refrain from setting boundaries to avoid losing tips. Other studies demonstrate that people tend to tip more generously when a server is of their own ethnicity, introducing an element of racism. It’s easy to find good reasons to do away tipping, but the custom also has some positive effects, making it a complex phenomenon.”

He adds: “Ultimately, tipping allows those willing to pay more for the service to do so, thereby subsidizing the service for others. That’s a positive aspect. Additionally, tips do seem to encourage servers to provide better service, even though this effect is very limited. In my opinion, in the 21st century business owners have better tools to assess server performance, such as online reviews and even in-house cameras.”

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